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Power amplifier and speaker power match
In the field of professional sound reinforcement, the configuration of audio equipment is very elegant, where the amplifier and speaker configuration is the most important.
Amplifier and speaker configuration involves a lot of aspects, such as power amplifier grades, power tube type selection and low sensitivity speakers should be configured which power amplifier. Amplifier and speaker specific configuration, in general, with the designer's experience, hobbies, listening habits and other factors, it is difficult to find a unified standard.
Sometimes encountered some users or designers in order to save money often give the speaker configuration less power amplifier, and some users for the so-called "power reserve sufficient" to the speaker configuration a very high power amplifier. Obviously, this is not appropriate. It is important that this configuration will cause damage to the equipment. In the amplifier and speaker configuration, the power amplifier is indeed the key, that is, the power amplifier to determine the principle should be unified.
Sound engineers who know that in the hall after the acoustic design, you need to determine the speaker power according to a series of calculations, and then by the speaker power to determine the power amplifier, but how the two power matching to achieve the best match?
First of all, in the human ear to listen to the domain of 20Hz ~ 20kHz, the real focus on a large number of energy music signal is generally in the low, frequency band, and high-frequency energy is only equivalent to medium and low frequency energy 1 / So the general speaker treble loss power is much lower than the bass speaker, in order to high and low bass balance; and amplifier is like a current modulator, its input audio signal under the control of the output size of the different current to the speaker, so that the size Different sounds, in a certain impedance conditions, to make the nominal power of 200W amplifier to 400W or several times the output is actually very easy, but the amplifier distortion (THD) will be greatly increased, this distortion is mainly produced in the In the low-frequency signal in the high-frequency harmonics, the greater the distortion, high-frequency harmonic energy is greater, and these high-frequency distortion signal will be with the high-frequency music signal into the treble head, which is why low-power amplifier The loudspeaker will cause the loudspeaker. And in many people's concept, as long as the power amplifier power, it is possible to burn the speaker. Although some amplifiers are not distorted, but because the device configuration has been inherently deficient, distortion may occur in use, then the distortion indicates that it has lost its meaning. Moreover, due to the user's experience and quality constraints, power amplifier distortion is often easy to be ignored.
Second, the power amplifier and speaker power configuration and target loudness and the use of the occasion also have a certain relationship. In a certain target loudness, the music signal should be dynamic in each piece of equipment can be fully guaranteed, if the power amplifier is too large, the gain set is very small, loudness has reached the requirements, but then the gain of the amplifier is limited The dynamic range of the signal. Therefore, the power amplifier power can not be too large; otherwise, since the waste of spending, will bring loudness and music dynamics can not take into account the heavy load and the trouble. According to past experience, the general language, music and sound places and large dynamic disco and other places are different. There is a general sound of the signal from the small ups and downs, do not need a long time or soon to provide a lot of power amplifier to the speaker, so the power amplifier power should be stronger than the requirements of the powerful large dynamic sound reinforcement places to small; In addition, the so-called "power reserve "It should also be for the speaker, it is worth noting that the amplifier must be selected by the speaker, there should be no" power reserve "concept to configure the amplifier. In other words, in a certain target loudness, the speaker can be larger than the design ＆#118alue, for different purposes, and the power amplifier should be strictly determined by the speaker, not much flexibility.
In short, the audio division skills amplifier and speaker power configuration of the specific criteria should be: in a certain impedance conditions, the amplifier power should be greater than the speaker power, but not too much. In the general application of the amplifier without distortion should be the speaker rated power of 1.2-1.5 times; and in large dynamic occasions should be about 1.5-2 times. With the reference to this standard configuration, since it can ensure that the amplifier in the best work, but also to ensure the safety and life of the speaker, even if the lack of experience of the operator, as long as the operation is not a serious mistake or improper adjustment of the surrounding equipment, You can let the speakers and power amplifier work in a stable state.